Dr. T.-C. Wu and his team have demonstrated several approaches for improving antigen presentation to antigen-specific killer and helper T-cells and enhance vaccine potency. 

Dr. Wu received his MD from the College of Medicine at National Taiwan University in July 1982; his post-graduate education in epidemiology and molecular virology was obtained at Johns Hopkins University. 

Currently he is Research Director of Gynecologic Pathology at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and Professor of Pathology, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oncology, and of Obstetrics and Gynecology and at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Current Academic and Hospital Appointments:

Professor of Pathology
Professor of Oncology
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology,

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

The Johns Hopkins University
 

Professor of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,

Bloomberg School of Public Health

The Johns Hopkins University
 

Research Director of Gynecologic Pathology
Pathologist,

The Johns Hopkins Hospital

Contact Information:

The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine

Richard Ross Research Building, Room 512H

720 Rutland Avenue

Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Telephone:   410-614-3899

Fax :            443-287-4295

E-mail:         wutc@jhmi.edu

Education:

9/75-7/82 M.D., National Taiwan University
College of Medicine

7/84-5/85 M.P.H., Epidemiology
The Johns Hopkins University
School of Hygiene and Public Health

6/85-5/89 Ph.D., Molecular Virology
The Johns Hopkins University
School of Hygiene and Public Health
 

Training:

7/89-6/90 Intern
Anatomic Pathology
Department of Pathology
The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland

7/90-6/92 Resident
Anatomic Pathology
Department of Pathology
The Johns Hopkins Hospital

7/92-6/95 Clinical Fellow
Division of Gynecologic Pathology
Department of Pathology
The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland

Certification:

Anatomic Pathology

1992 - present State of Maryland License
1992 American Board of Pathology,

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Publications:

Peer-Reviewed Scientific Articles:

1) J.M. McDonnell, P.J. McDonnell, P. Mounts, T.-C. Wu, and R. Green. (1985)
Demonstration of papillomavirus capsid antigen in human conjunctival neoplasia. Archives of Ophthalmology Vol. 104, page 1801-1805.

2) H. Kashima, T.-C. Wu, P. Mounts, D. Heffner, A. Cachay, and V. Hyams.(1988)
Carcinoma ex-papilloma: Histologic and virologic studies in whole-organ sections
of the larynx. Laryngoscope Vol 98, No. 6, page 619-624.

3) T.-C. Wu, and P. Mounts (1988) Transcriptional regulatory elements in the
noncoding region of human papillomavirus type 6. J. Virology Vol.62, No.12,
pp 4722-4729.

4) T.-C. Wu, and P. Mounts.(1989) Sensitive detection of human papillomavirus nucleic acid and proteins in biopsy specimens of respiratory and genital tract papillomata. J.Virol. Meth. Vol. 26, pp 31-47.

5) T.-C. Wu, R.B. Mann, P. Charache, S.D. Hayward, S.Staal, B.C. Lambe and R.F. Ambinder. (1990) Detection of EBV gene expression in Reed-Sternberg
cells of Hodgkin's disease. Int. J. Cancer Vol. 46, pp 801-804.

6) R.H. Hruban, T.-C. Wu, W.E. Beschorner, D.E. Cameron, R.F. Ambinder, W.A. Baumgartner, B.A. Reitz, G.M. Hutchins (1990) Cytomegalovirus nucleic acids in allografted hearts. Human Pathology Vol 21, pp 981-983.

7) J.S. Park, J.S. Rader, T.-C. Wu, L.A. Laimins, J.L. Currie, R.J. Kurman, and K.V. Shah. (1991) HPV-16 viral transcripts in vulvar neoplasia; preliminary
studies. Gynecologic Oncology 42: 250-255.

8) T.-C. Wu, R.B. Mann, J. Epstein, E. MacMahon, W.A. Lee, P. Charache, S.D. Hayward, R.J. Kurman, G.S. Hayward, and R.F. Ambinder (1991). Abundant expression of EBER1 small nuclear RNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma = A morphologically distinctive target for detection of Epstein-Barr virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded carcinoma specimens: American Jour. Pathology 138:1461-1469.

9) T.-C. Wu, M.D. Kanayama, R.H. Hruban, W-C Au, F.B. Askin, and G.M. Hutchins (1991). Virus Associated RNAs (VA-I and VA-II): An efficient target for the detection of adenovirus infections by in situ hybridization. American Jour. Pathology 140: 991-998.

10) T.-C. Wu, R.H. Hruban, R.F. Ambinder, M.Pizzorno, D.E. Cameron, W.A. Baumgartner, B.A. Reitz, G.S. Hayward, and G.M. Hutchins (1991). Demonstration of cytomegalovirus nucleic acids in the coronary arteries of transplanted hearts. American Jour. Pathology 140: 739-747.

11) R.B. Mann, T.-C. Wu, R.F. Ambinder (1992). In situ localization of EBV in thymic carcinoma. Modern Pathology 5: 363-366.

12) T.-C. Wu, W.A. Lee, M. Pizzorno, W-C Au, R.H. Hruban, R.F. Ambinder, S.D. Hayward, G.M. Hutchins, and G.S. Hayward. (1992) Localization of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) 2.7-kb major early (beta) gene transcripts by in situ hybridization in permissive and non-permissive infections. American Jour. Pathology 141: 1247-1254.

13) T.-C. Wu, M.C. Pizzorno, G.S. Hayward, S. Willoughby, D.A. Neumann, N.R. Rose, A.A. Ansari, K.L. Baughman, and A. Herskowitz. (1992). In situ detection of human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene (IE) transcripts within cardiac myocytes of patients with HIV-associated cardiomyopathy. A.I.D.S. 6: 777-785.

14) H.K. Kashima, T. Kessis, R.H. Hruban, T.-C. Wu, J. Zinreich, and K.V Shah. (1992) Human papillomavirus in sinonasal papillomas and squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope 102(9): 973-976.

15) T.-C. Wu, and T.-T. Kuo. (1993). Detection of Epstein-Barr virus early RNA (EBER1) expression in thymic epithelial tumors by in situ hybridization. Human Pathology 24: 235- 238.

16) T.-C. Wu, M.D. Kanayama, W. Whitehead, and M.B.K. Raj. (1993) Detection of neuron specific 9.0 kb transcript which share homology with antisense transcript of HIV gag genome from the brain of both normal and AIDS individuals. American Jour. Pathology 142: 25-31.

17) T.-C. Wu, J.Trujillo, H. Kashima and P. Mounts (1993) Association of human papillomavirus and nasal neoplasia. Lancet 341: 522-524.

18) A. Herskowitz, S. Willoughby, T.-C. Wu, W.E. Beschorner, D.A. Neumann, N.R. Rose, K.L. Baughman, and A.A. Ansari. (1993) Immunopathogenensis of HIV-1- Associated Cardiomyopathy. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 68.2: 234-241.

19) M.M. Oliva, T.-C. Wu and V.W. Yang. (1993) Isolation and characterization of a differentiation-dependent gene in the human colonic cell line HT29-18. Arch. Biochem. and Biophy. 302: 183-192.

20) L.D. Loren, D.S. Coffey, T.-H. Chen, T.-C. Wu, and G.R. Pasternack. (1993) A novel 32 kDa nuclear phosphoprotein is selectively expressed in cells competent for self-renewal. Cancer Research 53, 4720-4726.

21) J.A. DiGiuseppe, T.-C. Wu, and R.L. Corio. (1994) Analysis of Epstein-Barr
virus-encoded small RNA 1 expression in benign lymphoepithelial salivary gland lesions. Modern Pathology 7, 555-559.

22) S. Hall, T.-C. Wu, N. Soudi, M.E. Sherman. (1994) Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: Cytologic predictors of biopsy confirmation. Diagnostic Cytopathology 10.1: 3-9.

23) L. Hedrick, K.R. Cho, E.R. Fearon, T.-C. Wu, K.W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein. (1994) The DCC gene product in cellular differentiation and colorectal tumorigenensis. Genes & Development 8: 1174-1183.

24) A. Herskowitz, T.-C. Wu, S.B. Willoughby, D.A. Vlahov, A. Ahmed-Ansari, W.E. Beschorner and K.L. Baughman. (1994) Myocarditis and cardiotropic viral infection associated with severe left ventricular dysfunction in late stage infection with human immunodeficiency virus. J. Am Coll Cardiol 24: 1025-32.

25) E. M. Burke, D. L.Karp, T.-C. Wu, and R. L. Corio (1994) Atypical oral presentation of herpes simplex virus infection in a patient after orthotopic liver transplantation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 251(5): 301-303.

26) J.A. DiGiuseppe, T.-C. Wu, B.A. Zehnbauer, P.R. McDowell, J.M. Barletta, R.F.
Ambinder, and R.B. Mann. (1995) Epstein-Barr virus and progression of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to KI-1-positive, anaplastic large cell phenotype. Modern Pathol.8: 553-559.

27) T.-C. Wu, Y. Ling, M.D. Kanayama, A.Y.C Huang and R.J. Kurman. (1995) Localization of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded small RNA-1 (EBER-1) by in situ reverse transcription: Demonstration of cDNA generation in tissue sections.
J. Biomed. Sci.2: 249-255.

28) S.-T. Tsai, Y.-Tai Jin, and T.-C. Wu. (1995) Synthesis of PCR-Derived, Digoxigenin-
Labeled DNA Probes for EBER In Situ Hybridization. J. Virol. Meth. 54: 67-74.

29) T.-C. Wu, A. Y.C. Huang, E. M. Jaffee, and D. M. Pardoll (1995) A reassessment of the role of B7-1 expression in tumor rejection. J. Exp. Med. 182: 1415-1421.

30) T.-C. Wu, F.G. Guarnieri, K.F. Staveley-O'Carroll, R.P. Viscidi, H.I. Levitsky, L. Hedrick, K.R. Cho, J.T. August, and D.M. Pardoll (1995) Engineering a novel pathway for MHC Class II Presentation of Antigens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92: 11671-11675.

31) K.-L. Liaw, A.W. Huang, C.-J. Chen, M.H. Schiffman, T.Y. Zhang, C.-Y.. Hsieh, C.E. Greer, S.-L. You, T.W. Huang, T.-C. Wu, T.J. O'Leary, J. Seidman, W.J. Blot, C.L. Meinert, M.M. Manos. (1995) Human papillomavirus and cervical neoplasia: A community-based case-control study in Taiwan. Int. J. Cancer 62: 565-571.

32) K.-Y. Lin, F. G. Guarnieri, K. F. Staveley-O'Carroll, H. I. Levitsky, J. T. August,
D. M. Pardoll and T.-C. Wu (1996) Treatment of established tumors with a novel vaccine that enhances major histocompatibility class II presentation of tumor antigen. Cancer Research 56:21-26.

33) O.B. Inge, G.J.A. Offerhaus, W.S.El-Deiry, T.-C. Wu, G.M. Hutchins, E.K. Kasper, K.L. Baughman, W.A. Baumgartner, C.-J. Chiou, G.S. Hayward, and R.H. Hruban. (1996) The WAF1-mediated p53 growth suppressor pathway is distinct in the coronary arteries of heart transplant recipients. Human Pathology 27(4): 324-329.

34) J.Trujillo, T.-C. Wu, and P. Mounts (1996) Characterization of human papillomavirus type 57b: Transforming activity and comparative sequence analysis as probes for biological determinants associated with high-risk oncogenic viruses. Virus Genes 12 (2): 165-178.

35) A.W., Hsing, R.D. Burk; K.-L. Liaw, C.-J.Chen, M.H. Schiffman,T.Y. Zhang,C.E. Greer,S.-L. You, C.-Y. Hsing, T.W. Huang, T.-C. Wu, T.J. O'Leary, J. D. Seidman, and M. Manos.(1996) Inter-laboratory variation in PCR-based human papillomavirus DNA assay. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 5(6):483-484.

36) A.G. Ramos-Soriano, J.M. Saavedra, T.-C. Wu, R.A. Livinggston, R.A. Henderson, J.A. Perman, R.H. Yolken (1996) Enteric pathogens associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in children with HIV infection. Molecular Cell Probes. 10: 67-73.

37) I.O. Baas, J.A. Offerhaus, W.S. El-Deiry, T.-C. Wu, G.M. Hutchins, E.K. Kasper, K.L. Baughman, W.A. Baumgartner, C.J. Chiou, G.S. Hayward, R.H. Hruban (1996) The WAF1-mediated p53 growth-suppressor pathway is intact in the coronary arteries of heart transplant recipients. Human Pathol. 27: 324-329.

38) T.-C. Wu, D.A. Fuentes-Bernardo, Y.-J. Chan, W.-C. Au, C.-J. Chiou, W.M. Fox III, R.H. Hruban, G.S. Hayward, and R.J. Kurman. (1997) Temporal distribution of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) 2.0 kb immediate early gene transcripts in permissive and non- permissive infections by RNA in situ hybridization. J. Biomed. Sci. 4: 19-27.

39) Y.T. Jin, S.T. Tsai, C.Li, K.C. Chang, J.J. Yan, W.Y. Chao, H.L. Eng, T.Y. Chou, T.-C. Wu, and I.J. Su (1997) Prevalence of human papillomavirus in middle ear carcinoma associated with chronic otitis media. American Jour. Pathology 150: 1327- 1333.

40) D.E. Mold, T.-C. Wu, F. Askin, and R.C.C. Huang (1997) Four classes of HERV-K long terminal repeats and their relative promoter strengths for transcription. J Biomed Sci, 4: 78-82.

41) T.-C. Wu, S.-T. Hsieh, B. W. Purow, and R. J. Kurman (1997) Demonstration of human papillomavirus (HPV) genomic amplification and viral-like particles from CaSki cell line in SCID mice. J.Virol. Methods 65: 287-298.

42) K.-Y. Lin, W. H. Westra, H. K. Kashima, P. Mounts, and T.-C. Wu (1997) Coinfection of HPV-11 and HPV-16 in a case of squamous laryngeal papilloma with severe dysplasia. Laryngoscope 107: 942-947.

43) A. Lafond-Walker, C.-L. Chen, S. Augustine, T.-C. Wu, R.H. Hruban, and C.J. Lowenstein (1997) Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in coronary arteries of transplanted human hearts with accelerated graft arteriosclerosis. Am J Pathol. 151(4): 919-925.

44) K. Vu, D.L. Greenspan, T.-C. Wu, H.A. Zacur, R.J. Kurman (1997) Cellular proliferation, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and bcl-2 expression in GnRH agonist treated uterine leiomyomas. Human Pathology. 29:359-363.

45) I.-M. Shih, T.-L. Wang, T.-C. Wu, R.J. Kurman, and J. D. Gearhart (1998) Expression of Mel-CAM in implantation site intermediate trophoblastic cell line, ITS-1, limits its migration on uterine smooth muscle cells. J. Cell Sci. 111: 2655-2664.

46) H. Ji, E.Y. Chang, K.-Y. Lin, R.J. Kurman, D.M. Pardoll, and T.-C. Wu (1998) Antigen specific immunotherapy for murine lung metastatic tumors expressing HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein Int. J. Cancer 78:41-45.

47) C.-C. Huang, J.-T. Qiu, M.L. Kashima, R.J. Kurman, and T.-C. Wu (1998)
Generation of type-specific probes for the detection of single copy human papillomavirus by in situ hybridization with catalyzed reporter deposition system. Modern Pathology 11:971-977.

48) K.D.Kenneth, S.Q. Yang, H.Z. Lin, J. Chatham, V.P. Chacko, J.B. Hoek, E. Walajtys-Rode, A. Rashid, C.-H. Chen, C.C. Huang, T.-C. Wu, M.D. Lane, A.M. Diehl (1999) Obesity induce expression of uncoupling protein-2 in hepatocytes and promotes liver ATP depletion. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 5692-5700.

49) C.-C. Huang, M.L. Kashima, H. Chen, I.-M. Shih, R.J. Kurman, and T.-C. Wu (1999) Cerebellar metastasis of cervical carcinoma presenting discordant histologic patterns. Human Pathology, 30: 587-591.

50) A. Rashid, T.-C. Wu, C.C. Huang, C.-H. Chen, H.Z. Lin, S.Q. Yang, F.Y.J. Lee, A.M. Diehl (1999) Mitochondrial proteins that regulate apoptosis and necrosis are induced in rat liver. Hepatology, 29: 1131-8

51) H. Ji, T.-L.Wang, C.-H. Chen,S. I. Pai, C.-F. Hung, K.-Y. Lin, R. J. Kurman, D. M. Pardoll and T.-C. Wu (1999) Targeting HPV-16 E7 to the endosomal/lysosomal compartment enhances the antitumor immunity of DNA vaccines against murine HPV-16 E7-expressing tumors. Human Gene Therapy, 10: 2727-2740.

52) C.-H. Chen, H. Ji, K. W. Suh, M. A. Choti, D. M. Pardoll and T.-C. Wu (1999) Gene gun-mediated DNA vaccination induces antitumor immunity against human papillomavirus type 16 E7-expressing murine tumor metastases in the liver and lungs. Gene Therapy, 6: 1972-1981.

53) C.-H. Chen, T.-L. Wang, C.-F. Hung, D. M. Pardoll and T.-C. Wu (2000) Boosting with recombinant vaccinia increases HPV-16 E7-specific T cell precursor frequencies of HPV-16 E7-expressing DNA vaccines. Vaccine, 18: 2015-2022.

54) C.-H. Chen, T.-L. Wang, C.-F. Hung, Y. Yang, H. Chen, R. A. Young, D. M. Pardoll and T.-C. Wu (2000) Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by linkage of antigen gene to an HSP70 gene. Cancer Research, 60:1035-1042.

55) T.-L. Wang, M. Ling, I.-M. Shih, T.Pham, S.I. Pai, Z. Lu, R.J. Kurman, D.M. Pardoll, and T.-C. Wu (2000) Intramuscular administration of E7-transduced dendritic cells generates the most potent E7-specific antitumor immunity . Gene Therapy, 7: 726-733.

56) E.Y. Chang, C.H. Chen, H. Ji, T.-L. Wang, K. Hung, B.L. Lee, A.Y.C. Huang, R.J. Kurman, D.M. Pardoll, T.-C. Wu (2000) Antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy using an GM-CSF secreting allogeneic tumor cell-based vaccine. Int. J. Cancer, 86: 725-730.

57) C.-H. Chen, K. W. Suh, H. Ji, M. A. Choti, D. M. Pardoll, and T.-C. Wu (2000) Antigen-specific immunotherapy for metastatic tumors in the liver. J. Hepatology 33: 91-98.

58) N.R. Chu, H.B. Wu, T.-C. Wu, L.J. Boux, M.I. Siegel and L.A. Mizzen (2000) Immunotherapy of a human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7-expressing tumor by administration of a fusion protein comprising Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) hsp65 and HPV-16 E7. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 121: 216-225.

59) E.L. Hinton, L.D. Bobo, T.-C. Wu, R.J. Kurman and R.P. Viscidi (2000) Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis deoxyribonucleic acid in archival paraffinized specimens from chronic salpingitis cases using the polymerase chain reaction. Fertility and Sterility . 74: 152-157.

60) S.A. Leachman, R.E. Tigelaar, M.Ahylankevich, M.D. Slade, M. Irwin, E. Chang, T.-C. Wu, W. Xiao, S. Pazhani, D. Zelterman and J. L. Brandsma (2000) GM-CSF priming plus papillomavirus E6 DNA vaccination: Effects on papilloma formation and regression in the CRPV-rabbit model. J. Virol. 74: 8700-8708.

61) C.-H. Chen, T.-L. Wang, H. Ji, C.-F. Hung, H. C. Jen, D. M. Pardoll and T-C. Wu (2000) Recombinant DNA vaccines protect against tumors that evade recombinant vaccinia vaccines containing the same gene. Gene Therapy 8: 128-138.

62) W-F. Cheng, C.-F. Hung, K.-F. Hsu C.-Y. Chai, L. He, M. Ling, L. A. Slater, R. B.S. Roden and T.-C. Wu (2001) Enhancement of sindbis virus self-replicating RNA vaccine potency by targeting antigen to endosomal/lysosomal compartments. Human Gene Therapy 12: 235-252.

63) W.-F. Cheng, C.-F. Hung, C.-Y. Chai, K.-F. Hsu, L. He, C. M. Rice, M. Ling, and T.-C. Wu (2001) Enhancement of sindbis virus self-replicating RNA vaccine potency by linkage of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis heat shock protein 70 gene to an antigen gene. J. Immunol. 166: 6218-6226.

64) C.-F. Hung, K.-F. Hsu, W.-F. Cheng, C.-Y. Chai, L. He, M. Ling and T.-C. Wu (2001) Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by linkage of antigen gene to a gene encoding the extracellular domain of Flt3-ligand. Cancer Research. 61: 1080-1088.

65) K.-F. Hsu, C.-F. Hung, W.-F. Cheng, L. He, M. Ling and T.-C. Wu (2001) Enhancement of suicidal DNA vaccine potency by linking Mycobacterium Tuberculosis heat shock protein 70 to an antigen. Gene Therapy 8: 376-383.

66) C.-F. Hung, W.-F. Cheng, K.-F. Hsu, C.-Y. Chai, L. He, M. Ling and T.-C. Wu (2001) Cancer immunotherapy using a DNA vaccine encoding the translocation domain of a bacterial toxin linked to a tumor antigen. Cancer Research. 61: 3698-3703.

67) C.-F. Hung, W.-F. Cheng, Chai, C.-Y., K.-F. Hsu, L.He, M. Ling and T.-C. Wu (2001) Improving vaccine potency through intercellular spreading and enhanced MHC class I presentation of antigen. J. Immunol. 166: 5733-5740.

68) W.-F. Cheng, C.-F. Hung, C.-Y. Chai, K.-F. Hsu, L. He, M. Ling and T.-C. Wu (2001) Enhancing sindbis virus self-replicating RNA vaccine potency by linkage of herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) VP22 protein to antigen. J Virology 75:2368-2376.

69) J. D. Heller, J. Kuo, W. M. Kast, T.-C. Wu and R.-C. C. Huang (2001) Tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid induces G2 arrest in mammalian cells and exhibits tumoricidal activity in vivo. Cancer Research 61: 5499-5504.

70) C.-C. Huang, W.-H. Wu, C.-Y. Chai, T.-C. Wu and J. H. Chuang (2001) Congenital prepubic sinus: A variant of dorsal urethral duplication suggested by immunohistochemical analysis. J. Urology 166: 1876-1879.

71) W.-F. Cheng, C.-F. Hung, C.-Y. Chai, K.-F. Hsu, L. He, M. Ling and T.-C. Wu (2001) Cancer treatment through anti-tumor immunity and anti-angiogenesis induced by a chimeric DNA vaccine encoding calreticulin linked to a tumor antigen. J. Clin. Invest. 108: 669-78.

72) A. Lamikanra, Z.-K. Pan, S.N. Isaacs, T.-C. Wu and Y. Paterson (2001). Regression of established human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) immortalized tumors in vivo by vaccinia viruses expressing different forms of HPV-16 E7 correlates with enhanced CD8+ T cell responses that home to the tumor site. J. Virol. 75: 9654-9664.

73) G. R. Gunn, A. Zubair, C. Peters, Z.-K. Pan, T.-C. Wu and Y. Paterson (2001) Evaluation of listeria monocytogenes vaccines that express HPV E7 as immunotherapeutics against HPV immortalized tumors. J. Immunol. 167: 6471-6479.

74) W.-F. Cheng, C.-F. Hung, K.-F. Hsu, C.-Y. Chai, L. He, J. M. Polo, L. A. Slater, M. Ling, and T.-C. Wu (2002) Cancer immunotherapy using sindbis virus replicon particles encoding a VP22-antigen fusion. Human Gene Therapy 13: 553-568.

75) C.-F. Hung, L. He, J. Juang, T.-J. Lin, M. Ling, and T.-C. Wu (2002) Improving DNA vaccine potency by linking marek's disease virus type 1 VP22 to an antigen. J. Virol. 76: 2676-2682.

76) W.-F. Cheng,C.-F. Hung, S. I. Pai, K.-F. Hsu , L. He, M. Ling, and T.-C. Wu (2002) Repeated DNA Vaccinations Elicited Qualitatively Different Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Improved Protective Antitumor Effects. J Biomed Sci 9: 675-687.

77) W.-F. Cheng,C.-F. Hung, K.-Y. Lin , M. Ling, J. Juang, L. He,C.-T. Lin and T.-C. Wu (2003) CD8+ T cells, NK cells and IFN- are important for control of tumor with down-regulated MHC class I expression by DNA vaccination. Gene Therapy. 10:1311-1320.

78) C.-Fu Hung, W.-F. Cheng, L. He, M. Ling, J. Juang, and T.-C. Wu (2003) Enhancing MHC class I antigen presentation by targeting antigen to centrosomes. Cancer Research. 63: 2393-2398. 

79) T. W. Kim, C.-F. Hung, M. Ling, J. Juang, L. He, J. M. Hardwick, S. Kumar, and T.-C. Wu (2003) Enhancing DNA vaccine potency by co-administration of DNA encoding anti-apoptotic proteins. J. Clin. Invest. 112: 109-117. 

80) C. Trimble, C.-T. Lin , C.-F. Hung, S. Pi, J. Juang, L. He, M. Gillison, D. Pardoll, Lee Wu, and T. -C. Wu (2003) Comparison of the CD8+ T cell responses and antitumor effects generated by DNA vaccine administered through gene gun, biojector, and syringe. Vaccine 21: 4036-4042. 

81) T.W. Kim,, C.-F.  Hung, D. Boyd, J. Juang, L. He, J. W.  Kim, J. M. Hardwick, and T.-C. Wu (2003) Enhancing DNA Vaccine Potency by Combining a Strategy to Prolong Dendritic Cell Life with Intracellular Targeting Strategies. J. Immunol. 171: 2970-2976.

82) C.-T. Lin, C.-F. Hung, J. Juang, L. He, K.-Y. Lin, T. W. Kim, and T.-C. Wu (2003) Boosting with Recombinant Vaccinia Increases HPV-16 E7-Specific T cell Precursor Frequencies and Antitumor Effects of HPV-16 E7-Expressing Sindbis Virus Replicon Particles. Molecular Therapy (in press)

83) T. W. Kim, C.-F. Hung, D. Boyd, L. He, D. Kaiserman, P. I. Bird, and T.-C. Wu (2003) Enhancement of DNA Vaccine Potency by Co-administration of Tumor Antigen Gene and DNA Encoding Serine Protease Inhibitor-6 (Serpinb9). Cancer Research (in press).

84) T.W. Kim, C.-F. Hung, J. Juang, L. He, J. M. Hardwick and T.-C. Wu (2003) Enhancement of Suicidal DNA Vaccine Potency by Delaying Suicidal DNA-Induced Cell Death  Gene Therapy (in press)

85) C.-J. Hsieh, T. W. Kim, C.-F. Hung, J. Juang, M. Moniz, D. Boyd, L. He, and T.-C. Wu (2003) Enhancement of Vaccinia Vaccine Potency by Linkage of Tumor Antigen Gene to Gene Encoding Calreticulin. Vaccine (submitted)

86) T. W. Kim, C.-F. Hung, M. Zheng, D. Boyd, L. He, S. I. Pai, and T.-C. Wu (2003)  A DNA vaccine co-expressing antigen and an anti-apoptotic molecule further enhances the antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immune response . J. Biomed. Sci. (revised)

87) T. W. Kim, C.-F. Hung, J. W. Kim, J. Juang, L. He, and T.-C. Wu (2003) Vaccination with DNA Vaccine Encoding HSV-1 VP22 Linked to Antigen Generates Long-Term Antigen-Specific CD8+ Memory T Cells and Protective Immunity. Human Gene Therapy (submitted)

88) J. W. Kim, C.-F. Hung, J. Juang, L. He, T. W. Kim, D. K. Armstrong, S. I. Pai, C.-T. Lin, and T. -C. Wu (2003)  Comparison of HPV DNA Vaccines Employing Intracellular Targeting Strategies. Gene Therapy (revised).