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Pathology of Gestational Trophoblastic Lesions

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Edited by Ie-Ming Shih, MD, PhD
Division of Gynecologic Pathology
Department of Pathology
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
E-mail: ishih@jhmi.edu
Tel: (410) 502-7774
1503 E. Jefferson Street, B-315
Baltimore, MD 21231

Lab website: http://pathology2.jhu.edu/shihlab

Special thanks to Dr. Chih-Yi Hsu for his efforts in photomicrographs and legends
Webmaster; Jennifer Parsons Brumbaugh

Diagnostic pathologists in Gynecological Pathology Division
at the Johns Hopkins Hospital:
Robert J. Kurman, MD, Director
Brigitte Ronnett, MD
Ie-Ming Shih, MD, PhD
Russell Vang, MD



Epitheliod Trophoblastic Tumor (ETT)

Clinical features:

  • Reproductive ages, antecedent pregnancy can be remote
  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding
  • Low serum b-hCG (50 - 500 IU/ML)
  • Frequently occurs in cervix or LUS
  • 15-20% ETTs are malignant
  • Hysterectomy or local excision
Gross features: 50% in lower uterine segment or endocervix

Solitary nodule

Hemorrhage and necrosis

33 y/o female with abnormal bleeding
Endometrial D&C- ETT (3 yrs ago)
Abnormal chest x-ray
Serum beta-hCG- 0
Lung resection

Nodular and well circumscribed, expansile margin Extensive geographic necrosis with focal dystrophic calcification

Nests or cords of atypical mononucleated trophoblastic cells surrounding dense fibrillar eosinophilic debris (material)

Round, uniform nuclei, eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm, well-defined cell membrane

Occasional mitoses (0-9 / 10 HPF) Tumor cells surround the vessel, but not invade


Extensive geographic necrosis with focal dystrophic calcification
Nests of atypical mononucleated trophoblastic cells
surrounding dense fibrillar eosinophilic debris (material)


Nests of atypical mononucleated trophoblastic cells surrounding dense fibrillar eosinophilic debris (material)


atypical mononucleated trophoblastic cells surrounding dense fibrillar eosinophilic material eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm, well-defined cell membrane

Occasional mitoses (0-9 / 10 HPF)